Acetone
Title: Acetone
CAS Registry Number: 67-64-1
CAS Name: 2-Propanone
Additional Names: dimethylformaldehyde; dimethyl ketone; b-ketopropane; pyroacetic ether
Molecular Formula: C3H6O
Molecular Weight: 58.08
Percent Composition: C 62.04%, H 10.41%, O 27.55%
Line Formula: CH3COCH3
Literature References: Obtained by fermentation (by-product of butyl alcohol manufacture) or by chemical synthesis from isopropanol (as chief product); from cumene (by-product in phenol manufacture); from propane (by-product of oxidation-cracking); Faith, Keyes & Clark's Industrial Chemicals, F. A. Lowenheim, M. K. Moran, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 4th ed., 1975) pp 21-25. Toxicity: Smyth et al., Ind. Hyg. J. 23, 95 (1962). Review: Weiss, Chem. Eng. News 36, 79 (1958); W. L. Howard in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 1 (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 4th ed., 1991) pp 176-194. Review of toxicology and human exposure: Toxicological Profile for Acetone (PB95-100095, 1994) 276 pp.
Properties: Volatile, highly flammable liquid; characteristic odor; pungent, sweetish taste. d2525 0.788. bp 56.5°. mp -94°. nD20 1.3591. Flash pt, closed cup: 0°F (-18°C). Miscible with water, alcohol, dimethylformamide, chloroform, ether, most oils. Keep away from fire! Keep away from plastic eyeglass frames, jewelry, pens and pencils, rayon stockings and other rayon garments. LD50 in rats: 10.7 ml/kg orally (Smyth).
Melting point: mp -94°
Boiling point: bp 56.5°
Flash point: Flash pt, closed cup: 0°F (-18°C)
Index of refraction: nD20 1.3591
Density: d2525 0.788
Toxicity data: LD50 in rats: 10.7 ml/kg orally (Smyth)
CAUTION: Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, nose and throat; headache, dizziness, CNS depression; dermatitis. See NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (DHHS/NIOSH 97-140, 1997) p 2.
Use: Solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubber, plastics, lacquers, varnishes, rubber cements. Manuf methyl isobutyl ketone, mesityl oxide, acetic acid (ketene process), diacetone alcohol, chloroform, iodoform, bromoform, explosives, aeroplane dopes, rayon, photographic films, isoprene; storing acetylene gas (takes up about 24 times its vol of the gas); extraction of various principles from animal and plant substances; in paint and varnish removers; purifying paraffin; hardening and dehydrating tissues. Pharmaceutic aid (solvent).

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